Creating Refugees: Displacement Caused by the United States’ Post-9/11 Wars

The article evaluates the human cost of wars, including displacement, deaths and injuries. Displacement needs to be central to any future consideration of the use of military force by the U.S. or other countries. Ultimately, the wars since 9/11 have displaced 37 million people, and perhaps as many as 59 million, raising the question of who bears responsibility for repairing the damage inflicted on those displaced.